Join Peter on a fascinating journey across the fields as he reveals the secrets of the plow. From the sharp ploughshare to the deep-reaching subsoiler, discover how these incredible machines prepare the soil for a bountiful harvest. This educational adventure turns the complex world of agricultural machinery into a captivating story of growth and nature.
Peter stands at the edge of the golden valley, watching the morning mist cling to the sleeping fields. He knows that before the seeds can sleep in the earth, the soil must be awakened and turned through primary cultivation. This process of plowing will crumble the heavy layers and prepare a perfect bed for the new crop.
With a steady hand, Peter guides his tractor as the plow's moldboard body lifts the heavy soil. It twists the dark earth like a ribbon, burying old weeds and crop residues deep underground where they can't hurt the new plants. By turning the layer, Peter also hides away pests that might want to nibble on his future harvest.
Inside the great barn, Peter keeps a variety of specialized plows, from sharp ploughshares to heavy-duty discs and chisels. He explains that general-purpose plows are perfect for old arable lands, while special ones handle unique challenges. Each machine connects to his tractor in its own way, whether it is trailed behind or mounted directly to the hitch.
Peter leans down to inspect the sturdy frame where all the working parts of the plow are carefully attached. He points out the ploughshare that cuts the soil horizontally and the moldboard that lifts it up to be crumbled. The field board stays pressed against the furrow wall, making sure the plow moves in a straight, stable line.
The coulter and the knife work like precision tools, making clean vertical cuts along the furrow's edge. Peter adjusts them carefully to ensure the top layer of sod is thrown to the very bottom of the trench. These small but vital parts ensure the plow moves smoothly and the soil is turned with perfect uniformity.
Across the wide expanse, Peter practices smooth plowing with a reversible plow, moving back and forth without leaving any ridges or deep furrows. The field looks like a giant, dark mirror, perfectly leveled and ready for the first spring rain. This careful technique ensures the land is flat and easy for other machines to travel over later.
When he reaches the edge of the marshy woods, Peter switches to a specialized disc body designed for heavy, root-filled ground. These spinning steel circles cut through tough obstacles and waterlogged soil where a normal plow might get stuck. Peter knows that having the right tool for the right soil is the secret to being a master farmer.
To help the deep roots find hidden water, Peter uses a subsoiler to break the hard, compacted layer beneath the surface. This deep tillage shatters the 'plow sole,' allowing the earth to breathe and drink from the groundwater below. Even though it's hard work, it ensures the plants will stay strong even during the hottest summer days.
Back on the flat yard, Peter carefully measures the distance between the skimmers and the main bodies with a long ruler. He knows that even a few centimeters of adjustment can make the difference between a messy furrow and a masterpiece of cultivation. Precision in the workshop leads to perfection in the field.
As the sun dips below the horizon, Peter looks back at the neatly turned rows of rich, dark earth. The fields are finally ready to embrace the seeds, promising a season of growth and a golden harvest to come. He pats his trusty plow, knowing that the bond between man, machine, and soil is the heart of the farm.
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Machines for primary soil cultivation. Purpose of the plow. - The process of plowing with a plow consists of turning and crumbling the layer. - By turning the layer, the plow buries weeds and their seeds, crop residues and pests of cultivated plants into the soil. Classification of plows. According to the design of the bodies, plows are classified as: 1. ploughshares, 2. disk, 3. chisel, 4. rotary 5. and combined. Ploughshare plows They are divided into general-purpose plows for plowing old arable lands and special ones. By aggregation method plows are divided into: 1. on trailers, 2. semi-mounted 3. and hanging, and according to the technological process for plows: for backhoeing and smooth plowing. The quality of plowing depends on the design of the plow body, the geometric shape and the location of its working surface relative to the bottom and wall of the furrow. By design. There are different types of cases: 1. earth-board, 2. moldboardless, 3. cut-out, 4. with subsoiler, 5. with a retractable chisel, 6. disk 7. and combined. 1) The moldboard body is used for plowing with rotation and loosening of the layer. According to the shape of the working surface, moldboard bodies are divided into: 1. on cultural, 2. half-screw, 3. screw 4. and cylindrical. 2) The moldboard-less body is designed for loosening soil in wind-eroded and arid areas. 3) The cut-out body is used for moldboard plowing of podzolic soils and simultaneous deepening of the arable horizon by 4-5 cm. 4) The body with an attached chisel is designed for plowing hard soils contaminated with stones. 5) The body with a soil deepener is used for moldboard plowing of podzolic, chestnut soils and shallow chernozems with simultaneous deepening of the arable layer by 6-15 cm. 6) The disc body is used for plowing heavy, hard soils contaminated with tree roots, as well as waterlogged soils when cultivating rice. 7) The combined body is designed for plowing heavy soils with simultaneous intensive loosening of the soil layer. Plow consists of the following mounted on a frame: 1) working bodies, 2) mechanisms, 3) support wheels, 4) trailer or attachment for connection to a tractor. The main working parts of a plow- 1) knife, 2) coulter 3) and the body. Frame consists of: 1. ploughshare, 2. earth-board, 3. field board 4. and racks. Ploughshare serves to cut a layer of soil in a horizontal plane and transfer it to a earth-board. According to the shape of the ploughshare there are: 1. trapezoidal, 2. chisel-shaped, 3. cut-out 4. and triangular. Earth-board It is used to lift a layer of soil cut with a knife and a ploughshare, crumble it, turn it over and throw it to the side. Field board ensures stable movement of the body, protects the rack from abrasion and loads it from the bending moment arising under the influence of lateral pressure of the soil layer. Coulter cuts off the top sodden layer of soil from the side of the field edge of the body with a thickness of 8-12 cm and a width equal to 2 thirds of the width of the body and throws it onto the bottom of the furrow. Let's get to the corner They are installed on plow bodies for plowing soils contaminated with stones. It functions as a skimmer, but only cuts the corner of the layer as it moves along the moldboard. Coulter cuts the soil in a vertical plane along the line of separation of the layer from the massif and promotes better turnover of the layer, incorporation of plant residues, ensures stable movement of the plow and uniformity of plowing depth. There are disc knives with handles and flat knives with a support ski. All plow components are attached to the frame. The frame also serves to apply traction force to the plow. The hitch is used to aggregate a mounted tractor plow with a tractor equipped with a hydraulic lifting mechanism. Plowsfor smooth plowing. Smooth plowing is plowing without ridges and furrows. For smooth plowing use: 1. negotiable, 2. frontal, 3. shuttle 4. and other plows. Special plows include shrub-marsh plows, plantation plows, garden plows, tiered plows and others. Machines for deep soil cultivation. Deep tillage destroys the plow sole, which prevents plant roots from penetrating into the lower layers of soil and hinders the flow of groundwater into the arable horizon. Deep loosening is carried out with general-purpose plows equipped with: 1. moldboard-less bodies 2. and ripper racks, 3. plows-rippers, 4. chisel plows 5. and plows with special rippers. The plow is prepared for work first on a level area with a hard surface, and then in the field. The skimmer is positioned so that the horizontal distance between the tips of the ploughshares, skimmers and main bodies is 250-300 mm, and the depth of their movement is 100-120 mm. The skimmer's edge should be aligned with the body's
